/var/log/gdm/:0-greeter.log
I successfully logged in at a console (i.e. non-GDM) by appending "3" to the GRUB kernel line (which specifies the run level to be booted into). I then looked at the above log file and, amongst the messages found that the file "/usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/gdm.css" was reported missing. I confirmed that that file was not there. I'm not sure what package is supposed to contain it but from doing a "pacman-g2 -Qo <file>" on other files in the same directory, it seems it should have come with the Frugalware GDM theme. For the moment I copied this file from another distribution, logged out and rebooted. This time GDM started as normal and I could log in.
Problem solved! \O/